Honoring Black history...it's not just a month

Black History Month, also known as African American History Month, is a month-long celebration of contributions African Americans have made to American history, as well as a time to recognize their struggle with adversity while fighting for freedom and equality. Black History Month is celebrated in February each year.

The Origin of Black History Month

Half-length portrait of an African American soldier; Buffalo soldier in a five button sack coat — Buffalo soldier in a five button sack coat. Image credit: Library of Congress

In the summer of 1915, Carter G. Woodson traveled to Chicago to take part in a national celebration of the 50th anniversary of emancipation being sponsored by the state of Illinois. Woodson, along with many other exhibitors, presented a black history display. During this three-week celebration, Woodson was inspired and decided to form an organization to promote the scientific study of black life and history. This idea came to fruition on September 9 when Woodson and several colleagues formed the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH).

Along with publishing research findings by black intellectuals in The Journal of Negro History, which he established in 1916, Woodson decided the association would also create and popularize knowledge about the black past. And with that, Woodson established Negro History Week in February, 1926. February was chosen to coincide with the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln (February 12) and Frederick Douglass (February 14), both having a prominent role in shaping black history.

In years following, many mayors across the nation began issuing annual proclamations recognizing Negro History Week. By the late 1960s, many college campuses started celebrating Black History Month due in part to the rising civil rights movement and increasing awareness of Black identity.

In 1976, fifty years after the first celebration, the commemoration of Black history was expanded by the Association for the study of African American Life and History (ASALH) to Black History Month. President Ford issued the first Message on the Observance of Black History Month, as did Presidents Carter and Reagan in subsequent years.

In 1986, Congress passed Public Law 99-244 designating February 1986 as National Black (Afro-American) History Month. In 1996, President Clinton issued a proclamation recognizing February as National African American History Month. Since 1996, presidents have issued the annual proclamation.

Black History Month 2022 theme: Black health and wellness

Captain Della H. Raney Army Nurse Corp — Capt. Della H. Raney Army Nurse Corp, 1945

The theme for 2022 focuses on the importance of Black Health and Wellness. This theme acknowledges the legacy of not only Black scholars and medical practitioners in Western medicine, but also other ways of knowing (e.g., birthworkers, doulas, midwives, naturopaths, herbalists, etc.) throughout the African Diaspora. The 2022 theme considers activities, rituals and initiatives that Black communities have done to be well.

Read more about this year’s theme on the ASALH site.

A few interesting facts

Allensworth is the first all-Black Californian township, founded and financed by African Americans. Created by Lieutenant Colonel Allen Allensworth in 1908, the town was built with the intention of establishing a self-sufficient city where African Americans could live their lives free of racial prejudice.
In 1938, first lady Eleanor Roosevelt challenged the segregation rules at the Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama, so she could sit next to African American educator and activist Mary McLeod Bethune. Roosevelt would come to refer to Bethune as “her closest friend in her age group.”
Politician, educator and Brooklyn native Shirley Chisholm survived three assassination attempts during her campaign for the 1972 Democratic nomination to the U.S.

Image credit: Library of Congress

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Josiah Henson fled slavery in Maryland in 1830 and later founded a settlement in Ontario, Canada, for other Black citizens who had escaped. His autobiography, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself (1849), is believed to have been Harriet Beecher Stowe‘s inspiration for the main character in Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
In 1881, Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles founded what would become the first college for Black women in the United States. The school was named Spelman College after Laura Spelman Rockefeller and her parents, who were abolitionists. Laura was also the wife of John D. Rockefeller, who made a significant donation to the school.